Abstract: Dust storms are significant natural phenomena capable of transporting radionuclides and heavy metals over long distances. Dust storms are an important factor in the spread of radioactive substances in the environment. They are capable of transporting and accumulating radon and radium, which can subsequently create a potential threat to the environment. The results of ²²²Rn, 226Ra and...
During 9 expeditions, unique field material was collected on the territory of the Semipalatinsk test site. On the basis of which:
1) the modern vegetation cover of the landfill territory is described in detail;
2) a vegetation map of the polygon has been compiled — M. 1:1000000 (based on mapping data and the use of published cartographic materials);
3) floristic list of higher plants,...
The Kapshagai Reservoir is located in the Almaty Region, near the city of Konaev and the megapolis of Almaty, within an actively developing industrial and agricultural zone. Specifically, it serves multiple purposes including irrigation, hydroelectric power, recreation and flood control. The study of water quality is essential for ensuring the environmental safety of the region and the...
Usually the differential cross sections (DCSs) of nucleon transfer reactions (NTR) are analyzed within the conventional DWBA for determination of a nucleonic spectroscopic factor S (SF) by normalization of the calculated DCS to the experimental data ([1] and references therein). The SF have strong dependence on the single-particle potential parameters. In contrast of the SF, the values of the...
The half-life of beta decay of tritium (³H) is calculated using the shell model approach. The Woods-Saxon potential is used to describe the nuclear structure, and the one-hole representation method for the nucleus is also used to obtain wave functions. The overlap integral of the initial and final wave functions of the proton and neutron holes are used to find the half-life. The results...
The enhancement of absorbed X-ray dose in tumor cells induced by bismuth-based nanoparticles, emphasizing their role as a radiosensabilizator in Photon Activation Therapy (PAT). Bismuth (Z = 83), due to its high atomic number, biocompatibility, and strong photoelectric absorption cross-section, has emerged as a promising candidate for dose enhancement strategies in radiotherapy. Unlike another...
The main modes of excitation of medium and heavy atomic nuclei are associated with collective forms of motion, including surface and elastic vibrations. In this case, the shape of the nuclear surface is represented in an expansion in five parameters corresponding to the spherical harmonics of the second order, which describes quadrupole vibrations. Using the Pauli procedure the quantization of...
The Institute of Atomic Energy of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been conducting research on fuel assemblies (FAs) for thermal and fast nuclear power reactors for many years. Such research is possible thanks to the availability of a unique experimental base, represented by the IVG.1M and IGR research reactors and other experimental complexes and stands [1]. In...
We compared polaron masses obtained from a Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) based estimate of the superconducting transition temperature in two cuprates: LSCO and YBCO. The method assumes that the experimentally measured superconducting critical temperature T_c can be associated with the BEC temperature T_BEC of preformed intersite bipolarons (or, more generally, bosonic charge carriers). From...
An analysis of the energy, mass and angular distributions of the binary reaction products in the heavy ion collisions allows us to construct the dynamics of the complete fusion and quasifission mechanisms. The competition of the different possible mechanisms depends on the beam energy and impact parameter of collision, mass asymmetry, orientation angles and nuclear shell structure of the...
This study is dedicated to investigating the defects induced by gamma irradiation in zirconium carbide (ZrC) nanocrystals and their impact on the crystal structure using both theoretical and experimental approaches. Gamma irradiation was carried out at doses of 1500 and 3000 kGy, and the resulting changes were comprehensively analyzed using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS), Raman...
Computer technologies are widely used to monitor the beam dynamics in synchrotrons. These charged particle accelerators are advanced equipment used for studying the structure of matter in particle and nuclear physics. Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA accelerator complex) is a new basic facility of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. The complex aimed for acceleration...
This paper presents the results of preliminary experiments on the separation of rare earth elements into separate groups.
We recently studied the 3He2++He differential ionization problem using the two-electron wave-packet convergent close-coupling (WP-CCC) method. We present the results for doubly differential cross sections for ionization in terms of the angle and energy of the emitted electrons at intermediate collision energies. We also discuss the saddle-point ionization mechanism for this collision system....
AIIIBVI group compound semiconductors are typical layered materials with wide band gaps, and GaS single crystals are of particular interest for visible and near-UV optoelectronic applications. GaS has a hexagonal structure (a = 0.359 nm, c = 1.549 nm) with an S–Ga–Ga–S sequence, where each Ga atom is bonded to one Ga and three S atoms. The bonding is strongly ionic–covalent within the layers,...
. Iodine-125 is one of the key radioisotopes in nuclear medicine
The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (INP RK) has developed a complex of nuclear-physical methods of analysis, among which instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) takes a significant place. To carry out studies on short-lived radionuclides (SLR) in a dry horizontal channel with neutron flux density 1012 particles/s/cm2 an automated pneumatic transport system...
Three body problem in nuclear physics
Three body problem in nuclear physics
As a result of the nuclear tests conducted in 1949-1989, a difficult radio ecological situation was formed at STS. The greatest contribution to the radiation pollution of this area was made by ground-based and excavated [with the release of soil] nuclear explosions. Among them, the explosions of nuclear bombs in 1949 and 1951, and thermonuclear devices in 1953 and 1956 stand out in terms of...
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics is constantly developing new industrial accelerators. This report is describing to a series of accelerators of the ILU type. These accelerators are successfully operating in the market for sterilization of disposable medical devices. Entering the promising food processing market requires increasing the power of accelerators and their efficiency to operate in...
За последние двадцать лет методы, аппаратура и разрешение трехмерного пространственного анализа улучшились, и теперь стало возможным получать детальные изображения внутренней микроструктуры многофазных материалов в трех измерениях. Трехмерная рентгеновская микротомография предоставляет уникальную возможность получения изображений с высоким пространственным разрешением, которое может быть...
This study examines the phase and structural evolution of Si3N4 ceramics subjected to irradiation with heavy Kr (147 MeV) and Xe (231 MeV) ions over the fluence range of 1010–1015 ions/cm2. At low irradiation doses, shifts in diffraction maxima and variations in the intensity of X-ray reflections, indicating the onset of polymorphic transformations between β-Si3N4 and α-Si3N4 [1], were...
NСT methods are experimental therapies, calculations of the neutron dose in tissue are very complex, and there are no commercial computer treatment planning systems. Studies and all clinical trials are conducted in accordance with the estimates of the performed simulations using the MCNP program. Kerma (K), a close analogue of the absorbed dose, is often used to calculate the dose. The...
Part of the accumulated metallic radioactive waste is superficially contaminated. The surface activity may be minor contamination resulting from the deposition of radionuclides during equipment operation [1]. This means that accumulated metallic radioactive waste can be purified of radioactive contamination after processing and, consequently, reused in the industry.
In this regard,...
Ion injectors being developed at the Budker INP are electrophysical installations of various types intended for use in scientific research, in the field of medicine, and industry.
For implantation of various ions into the surface layers of semiconductor materials, ion injectors with specified parameters are being developed: by type and energy of ions, angles and ion currents on the treated...
Within quantum mechanics, understanding ionisation in ion-atom collisions has been an ongoing project for decades. The problem has resisted solution due to the complexity of modelling an electron's motion in the presence of long-ranged attractive potentials. This is especially true in the intermediate-energy region, as the probability of capture by the projectile is significant making the...
Vegetation mapping of the experimental testing site (ETS) at a scale of 1:50,000 was carried out using combined satellite images (SI): one part obtained by the ETM sensor from the Landsat satellite, and the other part by the LISS sensor from the Ressoursessat satellite. Atmospheric nuclear explosions (30 surface and 87 air), as well as a thermonuclear bomb explosion, were carried out from 1949...
Korea has a long tradition of operating research reactors for nuclear science and engineering education, including the Triga Mark II and III reactors at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), and the AGN-2K reactor currently operated at Kyung Hee University. These reactors provided unique opportunities for hands-on training in reactor physics, critical experiments, and reactor...
Pulsed research reactors are a unique type of neutron source, as they can produce a very intense flux of neutrons for a very short period of time, something that is difficult to achieve in steady-state reactors. Periodically Pulsed reactors are found exclusively in Russia, in the city of Dubna, where four reactors have been operated in succession, representing the stages of development of this...
This paper presents the results of studying changes in the neutron flux in the neck phantom of a person with a tumor. As is known, the flux density of these neutrons in the target (in the tumor) depends on the distance and elemental composition of the tissue they must travel to the target. In the medical application of radiation, this elemental characteristic of tumors is important for...
An ancient bone age determination method with high sensitivity has been introduced, based on evaluating the specific activity of 226Ra. This technique involves detecting alpha emissions from 222Rn through the use of a CR-39 track detector in an isolated chamber. When comparing the specific activity of 226Ra in the bones of Archanthropus, southern mammoths, and dinosaurs with standard bone...
A comprehensive investigation of the nuclear in-medium effects on the scattering amplitudes of protons, 4He, and 6Li nuclei is presented. The study focuses on the analysis of experimental data for differential elastic cross sections of these processes. The microscopic model of the optical potential is used as the theoretical framework for this analysis. The research was performed in the...
The IBR-2M reactor located in Dubna (Russia), which has been in operation since 2012 with power of 2 MW and a pulse repetition rate of 5 1/s [1]. The power pulse is generated by two movable reflectors rotating near to reactor core. The movable reflectors for a short time transfer the reactor from a deeply subcritical condition into supercritical condition. The reactor core uses plutonium...
Gallium-68 is a positron-emitting radionuclide of growing importance in positron emission tomography (PET), particularly for imaging neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer and other malignancies. It possesses favorable decay properties (T₁/₂ = 67.7 min, β⁺ = 89%), enabling rapid synthesis and clinical application of 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals [1]. Its most common source is the...
The study of collisions involving highly charged ions and atoms has important applications in astrophysics and fusion plasma modelling. In astrophysical research, data on ion-atom collisions is required for studying interactions of atoms in the tails of comets with solar wind ions. Measurements of the spectral lines from these comets correspond to transitions in highly charged ions of carbon,...
One of the key tasks in modern nuclear physics remains the theoretical and experimental investigation of clustering in medium-mass nuclei with equal numbers of neutrons and protons (N=Z ≥ 20), using the isotope ⁴⁵Sc as an example. Due to the pronounced neutron-proton interaction in the surface region of the nucleus, light clusters such as deuterons (d), tritons (³H), and alpha particles (α)...
One of the key tasks, the solution of which requires exploratory research, is the assessment of the combined effect of ionizing radiation and model buffer solutions on the stability of the crystalline structure of iron-containing nanocomposites based on ZnFe2O4. Interest in this area of research is primarily due to the great prospects for using this type of structure as a basis for...
The main aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms of defect formation during combined (sequential) irradiation of composite SiC – ZrO2 ceramics with heavy Kr15+ and Xe23+ ions, as well as to identify the role of changes in irradiation conditions on the processes of destabilization of the structural and strength properties of ceramics. Interest in this topic is due to the possibilities...
Interest in the use of ion modification methods of anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells is primarily due to the possibility of enhancement of electrochemical parameters, as well as improvement of strength properties. Strengthening of ceramics occurs due to the formation of additional barriers in the surface layer, created by a high density of dislocations, the presence of which restrains...
The development of thermonuclear energy is one of the key areas for solving the problem of energy resource depletion in the modern world over the next 50-100 years. At the same time, special attention is paid to solving the problem of tritium production, which is one of the main types of fuel in reactors for the full-fledged maintenance of thermonuclear fusion.
For the production of tritium,...
A critical requirement for candidate materials used in inert matrices of dispersion-type nuclear fuel or in the immobilization of spent fuel with a high content of minor actinides is their ability to withstand aggressive conditions, including high temperatures, radiation, mechanical loading, and friction[1-2]. Ceramics based on Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ are considered promising owing to...
Different representatives of the carbonitride class differ from each other in their physical properties [1-2]. Thin films prepared depending on the C:N ratio in the chemical composition of carbonitride are considered excellent compounds due to their mechanical strength, heat and radiation resistance [3]. Their superior properties extend their application in protective coatings,...
Obtaining accurate benchmark data for ion-atom collisions is crucial for a wide range of practical applications. The most important data needed for applications is often the cross sections for various scattering processes. With recent advancements in available computing resources [1], we are able to study these systems with much better accuracy and detail than ever before.
Antiproton...
As a result of many years of detailed radiobiological and radioecological studies at the Semipalatinsk test site (STS), the following unique data have been obtained:
1) The modern vegetation cover of the landfill territory is described in detail;
2) A vegetation map of the polygon has been compiled — M. 1:1,000,000 (based on mapping data and cartographic materials);
3) The flora of 3...
The combined study of the flora of the newly formed technogenic core ecotopes of experimental plots (EP) of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) and radioecological conditions revealed the differentiation of species at different levels of ionizing radiation. We have determined the radioecological range of growth of 530 species of vascular plants of EP STS. Power of exposition dose (PED) of...
Small nuclear power plants (SNPP) are currently actively being developed. When designing such stations, a lot of attention is devoted to enhancing safety and equipment reliability. It can be implemented by using passive principles, such as self-adjusting cores and refuse force coolant circulation in favour of natural coolant circulation.
In this presentation, the simulation of a dry cooling...
Titanium dioxides (TiO2) have been widely studied, due to its interesting general properties in a wide range of fields including catalysis, photocatalysis, and in civil as nano-paint (self-cleaning) that affect the quality of life. Therefore, TiO2 and doped with noble metal are good candidates in the performance these applications. The fascinating physical and chemical features of TiO2 depend...
Данное исследование является получение нейтронно-физических характеристик реакторной установки с традиционным (UO2) топливом
и МОX топливом, их сравнительный анализ. Определение перспективности применения МОX топлива по сравнению с референтным проектом на основе расчётного анализа
Нейтронные методы исследования занимают особое место в современной науке благодаря их высокой чувствительности к атомной структуре и динамике вещества. В Объединённом институте ядерных исследований (ОИЯИ) накоплен значительный опыт в использовании нейтронного рассеяния, дифракции и спектроскопии для решения широкого спектра задач — от фундаментальных исследований в области физики...
